“Leonard Parkinson, a captain of Maroons, taken from the Life.” Parkinson was the “most obdurate and skillful of the young maroon captains. . . with his small band [he] held out for more than six months. This engraving, commissioned by Bryan Edwards . . . before the rebels were transported to Nova Scotia” (Michael Craton, Testing the Chains [Cornell Univ. Press, 1982], p. 221). via as shown on http://www.slaveryimages.org, compiled by Jerome Handler and Michael Tuite, and sponsored by the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities and the University of Virginia Library.

“While much is known about the commonality of abuse and torture within Caribbean and southern American plantation regimes, a significant body of scholarship on the white use of violence to control, punish, and torment the enslaved in the northern territories that became Canada has yet to be produced…This chapter seeks to redress this scholarly void by examining the use of corporal punishment in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries within the practice of British Canadian slavery (Halifax, Montreal, and Quebec City) and to distinguish it from Jamaica, a tropical British plantation regime…”

Source: Legal Violence and the Limits of the Law – CRC Press Book