“Liberated Africans, Gambia,” Excursions in Western Africa, and Narrative of A Campaign in Kaffir-Land, on the Staff of the Commander-in-Chief, 1840. Source: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture / Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division
“In the mid nineteenth century, the Anglo-Portuguese Mixed Commission in Luanda liberated 137 Africans from the slave trade. The liberated Africans then became apprentices for several years before they were granted complete freedom. This article argues that the in-between status of the liberated Africans was ambivalent and their very presence in a society where slavery continued to exist highly problematic. This was reflected not only in the way their bodies were shaped, but also in the fact that both colonial officials and liberated Africans sought ways to end the experiment. The article also argues that the conception and the vicissitudes of this civilising project were intimately linked to experiences with freed slaves elsewhere in the Atlantic world.”
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